# Nginx简单使用

## 安装Nginx

### 编译安装

1. 安装前置依赖包:

   ```
    yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make libtool zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
   ```
2. 从<http://nginx.org/en/download.html>下载自己需要的版本到`/usr/local/src`下解压.

   ```
    cd /usr/local/src/
    # 1.X.X 为版本号
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.X.X.tar.gz
    # 解压
    tar zxvf nginx-1.X.X.tar.gz
   ```
3. 进入安装包目录,编译安装

   ```
    cd nginx-1.X.X
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
    make && make install
   ```
4. 查看nginx版本

   ```
    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
   ```
5. 出现以情况为安装完成.

   ```
    nginx version: nginx/1.X.X
   ```

   **其他安装**

   同样可以使用他人写的脚本一键安装,或下载编译好的程序或者用宝塔面板安装.

   这里不做过多解释.

## Nginx 配置

创建`Nginx`运行使用的用户`www`:

```
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
```

配置`nginx.conf`,将`/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`替换为以下内容:

```
cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
```

```
user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

#charset gb2312;

  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;

  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
 #下面是server虚拟主机的配置
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
  # access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
   # access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }

}
```

检查配置文件的正确性:

```
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
```

## 启动Nginx

启动命令:

```
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
```

检查运行状态:

```
ps -ef|grep nginx
```

```
[root@iZ2zeicu8fd63l89c0ph7qZ ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
www       3387 30552  0 Mar09 ?        00:00:02 nginx: worker process
www       3388 30552  0 Mar09 ?        00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process
root     24274 24240  0 18:03 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root     30552     1  0 Mar09 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /www/server/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /www/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
```

## Nginx其他命令

常用命令:

```
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx
```

## 参考

* <https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/nginx-install-and-config.html>
* <https://www.runoob.com/linux/nginx-install-setup.html>
* <http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#worker_cpu_affinity>

## 文档

以上是比较简单的使用教程,如需更加详细的了解`Nginx`配置以及原理可以看`Nginx`**官方文档**,这里提供获取方式: [Nginx 烹调书](https://huliuqing.gitbooks.io/complete-nginx-cookbook-zh/) 对应Nginx CookBook的有道翻译版 \[NGINX-Cookbook-2019.pdf]\[1] Nginx CookBook英文原版(注意时期,需要最新版本可去官网自行下载)

\[1]: <https://violetevergarden.top/usr/uploads/2020/03/3399712609.pdf>


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